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International Energy Agency

matrix. Moreover, attaining the annual share of of the existing technical capabilities of Korea’s
variable renewable energy (VRE) planned in the thermal fleet may require regulatory and market
9th BPLE will bring about significant changes updates to provide better signals.
to the power system’s operation, notably
from more frequent and much higher levels of
instantaneous penetration of VRE generation.
By 2030, based on an initial analysis, it could
reach around 70% of the system load, similar
to the current maximum penetration levels in
Texas, Spain and the United Kingdom.
According to initial analysis of the objectives of
the 9th BPLE, by 2030 Korea’s power system
will see an increase in its flexibility requirements.
This can be appreciated from the evolution of
the system’s net load and changes in the three- Different storage technologies could contribute
hour and one-hour ramping requirements. For to meeting Korea’s increased flexibility
example, the maximum upward daily three-hour requirements. For storage to be effective, it
ramp is expected to increase from 20 718 MW is important to understand the connection
in 2019 to 35 435 MW in 2030. The maximum between the technologies’ ability to provide
three-hour downward ramp increases from 12 flexibility and the value to the system of various
941 MW to 25 483 MW over the same period. storage durations. For example, battery storage
Overall, the maximum ramping requirement is currently has a better case for very short-term
expected to be around 50% of the system load. to short-term flexibility, pumped storage hydro
This is moderate compared to power systems (PSH) can cover hourly to daily requirements,
like California and India, which can see ramps as and power-to-gas technologies can serve the
high as 60-70%, but these systems have more country’s longer-term flexibility requirements.
interconnections with neighbouring systems Improvements in remuneration mechanisms are
than Korea. needed so that the full value to the system, and
A number of options are available to meet not simply the avoided fuel costs, is recognised.
Korea’s increasing flexibility requirements; Demand-side flexibility is also expected
they include making use of the latent flexibility to play a key role in serving the system’s
in existing assets as well as deploying new flexibility needs. While some industrial capacity
technologies. For example, operational already takes part in specific voluntary and
guidelines and market rules - including mandatory load reduction programmes,
enhanced compensation for reserves and other widening participation to smaller customers
balancing services like ramping capability - will be important. Electric vehicles (EVs) could
could be updated to enable the flexible operation make a significant contribution, but to ensure
of coal and nuclear plants. Taking advantage participation it will be critical to improve the